Epidemiology of chronic coronary artery disease in the context of minimally invasive interventions

Introduction: studying the epidemiology of chronic coronary artery disease (CCAD) allows us to assess the dynamics of the need for minimally invasive interventions in these patients. Aim: to evaluate trends in the CCAD epidemic situation in the context of applying minimally invasive surgical interventions.

Materials and methods: data from the Russian Federation's federal statistical observation forms for 2015–2024 were analyzed and statistically processed.

Results: an increase was observed in both the overall (from 3037.2 to 3517.4 per 100,000 population) and incidence (from 268.8 to 308.7) of CCAD by 15,8% and 14,9%, respectively. Among working-age population, while the overall an increase in the prevalence of CCAD incidence rate increased, the primary incidence rate remained unchanged. The coverage of CCAD patients with clinical follow - up increased, reaching 77,4% for the working-age population (meeting the target of 70%) and 82,3% for those above working age (below the 90% target). Hospitalization rates decreased from 591,8 to 573,1 per 100,000 population, while in-hospital mortality concurrently increased from 7,8% to 12,9%. The proportion of patients admitted as emergencies rose from 44,4% to 49,7%, and those transported by emergency medical services increased from 28,2% to 32,1%. Mortality from CCAD decreased from 193,2 to 143,9 per 100,000 population between 2015 and 2023.

Conclusion: despite increased screening coverage for CCAD patients, challenges persist related to labor legislation, which allocates days for initial screening but not for ongoing clinical follow-up. Problems in the hospitalization of CCAD patients are evident: the proportion of patients hospitalized as emergencies and transported by ambulance is rising, accompanied by an increase in in-hospital mortality. The implementation of minimally invasive interventions could potentially reduce mortality among CCAD patients and shorten their hospital stays.

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