Eponymous names of topographic landmarks and anatomical structures of a normally formed heart

The article presents and discusses the eponymous names of topographic landmarks and anatomical structures of a normally formed heart: from the first descriptions of the anatomy and physiology of the fetal heart in the 2nd century by Galen to descriptions in the 20th century of the conduction system of the heart and discoveries of the nerve plexuses of the heart by the school of V.P. Vorobyov. A total of 90 eponyms were identified, including: 1) 6 pericardial eponyms; 2) 19 atrial eponyms; 3) 15 ventricular eponyms; 4) 28 eponyms of the conducting system and nerves of the heart; 5) 22 eponyms of the main arteries and the coronary vessels. Several eponyms were first introduced into scientific circulation (Galen's orifice and duct, Da Vinci's entrance gate, valve and muscles; Sinev-Crymski triangle, Tandler's trabecula, Hochstetter's septum). The beginning of the eponymous direction in the descriptive anatomy of the heart laid in the 16th century (Da Vinci shelf, Lower tubercle, etc.), was continued in the 17th century (Aranzi nodules, Eustachian’s valve, etc.), in the 18th century (Valsalva's sinuses, Viessen's valve, Haller's horns, Thebesia's vessels, etc.), in the 19th century (Albini nodules, Albrecht's cavity, Henle's space, Cuvier's canal, Rathke's bundles, etc.), in the 20th century (Aschoff-Tavara node, Wenckebach bundle, Koch triangle, etc.). It has been shown that some eponyms are used erroneously (for example, L. Botal described not the ductus arteriosus, but the foramen ovale; the oblique sinus of the pericardium is mistakenly called Haller's sinus, and the atrioventricular septum is called Da Vinci's septum). To designate some anatomical structures double eponyms are used (Arantzi-Bianchi nodules, Vorobyov-Marshall fold, Viessen-Tebesia vessels, His-Tavara bundle, Eustachian-Sylvian’s valve, His-Flack’s node, etc.). Brief biographical information about the doctors and scientists who first described these structures and the sources in which they were described are presented. The identified eponyms reflect the history of not only anatomy, but also medicine in general. For example, a series of discoveries of the structures of the conduction system of the heart in the early 20th century was the result of a change in the morphological and pathomorphological directions in the study of the activity of the heart and the diagnosis of its diseases to the physiological and pathophysiological directions.

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